Chapter 9. Light - Reflection and Refraction
15 sections · about 27 pages in the Science book (jesc109.pdf). Section anchors below are the targets of the citation chips you get back from an answer.
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Sections
- §9.1REFLECTION OF LIGHT — book page 1
- §9.2SPHERICAL MIRRORS — book page 2
- §9.2.1Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors — book page 4
- §9.2.2Representation of Images Formed by Spherical — book page 5
- §9.2.3Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors — book page 9
- §9.2.4Mirror Formula and Magnification — book page 10
- §9.3REFRACTION OF LIGHT — book page 12
- §9.3.1Refraction through a Rectangular Glass Slab — book page 13
- §9.3.2The Refractive Index — book page 15
- §9.3.3Refraction by Spherical Lenses — book page 17
- §9.3.4Image Formation by Lenses — book page 19
- §9.3.5Image Formation in Lenses Using Ray Diagrams — book page 20
- §9.3.6Sign Convention for Spherical Lenses — book page 22
- §9.3.7Lens Formula and Magnification — book page 22
- §9.3.8Power of a Lens — book page 24
Study this chapter — ask questions and take the quizGo straight to the quiz
Concept animations for this chapter
Interactive explanations, drawn in the page — no video, no external scripts. Each one is keyboard operable, has a “what to notice” caption, and a “try this” prompt that changes what it shows.
Reflection at a plane mirror and refraction at a flat interface
conceptId: reflection-refraction
What to notice: the reflected ray always leaves at the same angle it arrived (i = r), while the refracted ray bends toward the normal on entering the denser medium and away from it on leaving — and sin i / sin r = 1.50 stays equal to the refractive index whatever the angle.
Try this: switch to glass → air, set n = 1.50 (critical angle 41.8°) and drag the angle past it — the refracted ray vanishes. Model note: the weak reflected beam is drawn at a fixed 4% of the incident light; reflectances are not computed from Fresnel’s equations.
10 further animations in the registries belong to other chapters.